فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردی سیاستگذاری عمومی
پیاپی 44 (پاییز 1401)

Iran’s oil and natural gas sector has a huge potential in natural, human and physical resources and is also considered the driver of the national economy. Such a dependency and lack of proper exploitation of domestic capabilities, especially in upstream industries, are problematic issues in the economic growth and development of Iran. This study aims to identify the obstacles to domestic oil and gas technological development and provides policy advice to decision-makers. This paper is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and survey in terms of the data collection method. In this research, we used the case study method, and analyze the challenges of domestic manufacturing development in the oil and gas industry, then the policy recommendations are presented. The identified challenges are divided into five categories: legislative and regulatory challenges, financing challenges, private sector empowerment challenges, human capital challenges, and industrial development policy challenges. results show that improving the knowledge of contract law and appropriate energy diplomacy in international contracts, improving the technology absorption capacity and technological cooperation of domestic companies, and evaluating senior managers based on domestic manufacturing development indicators are the most important policy recommendations.

Nearly 60 percent of R&D funding in Iran is public funding, which is planned in the annual budget law. In order to accurately predict and measure the government budget for R&D, it is necessary to accurately define the R&D activities in the annual budget law. In this study, by analyzing the documentary content of annual budget laws and reviewing international standards, experiences of the other countries, and taking into account the conditions and requirements of Iran three policy options were proposed to define the framework for public R&D funding: (1) packing all R&D programs under different chapters titled R&D and Innovation Chapter, (2) packing all R&D chapters under 10 budgetary sections and aggregation in the form of R&D section, (3) removing all R&D programs from 10 budgetary sections and other relevant chapters and aggregating them in the form of a new appendix titled R&D Appendix. Assessing the feasibility of the options and the number of changes in the current state by the focus group method shows that the ease of implementation of the options decreases from the first to the third option, respectively, but instead the second option makes the R&D funding index completely transparent, and the third option aligns with five-year development plans and other upstream rules.

The present study aims to investigate the subject of critical analysis of school species expansion policies in the Islamic Republic of Iran, using a critical qualitative approach. To collect evidence from legal / policy texts such as the vision document of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the comprehensive document of the scientific map of the country, the theoretical foundations of fundamental change, the set of laws and regulations of education, the set of approvals of the Higher Education Council and research on school typology used. These documents were analyzed based on the discourse approach of Laclau and Mouffe and for the analysis of texts from the approach of Rizro and Lingard, as well as the design of Creswell spiral analysis. The findings showed that in the four historical periods of the Iranian education system from the pre-constitutional period to the rule of the Islamic Republic, the discourse of the form of policies to expand school species has been focused on two dimensions of educational justice and public participation. Therefore, the need for expertise, legalization of policies and programs related to education and compensation for backwardness and efforts to eliminate illiteracy in society have been raised as factors in adopting a policy of expanding the types of education.

Science journalism on social media requires a clear framework and codified rules that can be achieved through scientific policy-making in this area. Given the deep research gap in this field, the present study attempts to model the science journalism policy on social media. This research is based on the purpose of an applied-developmental research and based on the data collection method, it is a descriptive research that has been done by cross-sectional survey method. The statistical population of the research includes theoretical experts (university professors) and experimental experts (experienced journalists). Sampling was performed by purposive method and after 20 specialized interviews, theoretical saturation was obtained. Content analysis and MaxQDA 20 software were used to identify the components of science journalism policy in social media. Structural-interpretive modeling method and MicMac software were used to determine the relationships between the components. Research findings indicate that strengthening the infrastructure and formulating the perspectives of science journalism affects the education and promotion of science journalism and leads to the empowerment of this field. Through empowerment, it is possible to produce content tailored to the general needs and increase the oversight role and demand of science journalists, and consequently, the oversight of social media. Social media can also enhance communication and trust between the scientific community and the public, and increase academics' participation and engagement with science journalists. These factors ultimately lead to the policy journalism of science on social media.

Education has long been the mission of universities. Nowadays, due to the importance of economic transformation from resource-based to knowledge-based and the key role of universities in this line, universities move toward more innovation and entrepreneurship and are known as entrepreneurial universities. By doing so, the education mission is also evolved. This study is a mixed quantitative study that aims to suggest strategies to carry out an entrepreneurial university's educational mission. The study answers the question of which strategies can lead to fulfilling the education mission in Entrepreneurial University. To do so, it systematically reviews the Iranian literature. Focusing on Iranian literature, we consider not only dimensions mentioned by international researchers but also local dimensions in the context of Iran. The study uses a framework synthesis approach to elicit a conceptual framework. It also uses a focus group approach to identify educational strategies corresponding to the framework. The results reveal an increasing trend of Iranian researchers' concern about Entrepreneurial University. The conceptual framework consists of three key dimensions (students, staff, and institution), nine categories, and eighteen sub-categories. Corresponding to the sub-categories, the focus group identified twenty-three strategies. The themes mentioned in the literature are presented as example actions in explanation for each strategy. The finding of current research is an initial step for other researchers and policymakers in a better understanding of strategies and actions toward entrepreneurial education.

The present study aims to investigate the barriers to the implementation of participatory governance in educational and research institutions in Iran to provide solutions for managers and beneficiaries in higher education. This study was conducted in 2022. By the literature review, the background, definitions, and the areas in which the implementation of participatory governance in educational and research institutions can be inhibited were first investigated. Then, by a phenomenological reduction technique and using in-depth interviews with 15 experts, data were collected and analyzed using thematic analysis method. By categorizing 134 initial codes, 24 sub-themes and four themes were obtained. The barriers to the implementation of participatory governance in educational and research institutions of Iran were: (a) structural, (b) managerial, (c) political/cultural/ social and (d) individual , each of which had different components. The factors and components of the implementation challenges of participatory governance plans go back to the macro level, policymaking and policy formulation, and in the same direction, to create the context, create a participatory culture and precisely determine its programs and tools, in order to involve stakeholders and active people in this field. The results showed that barriers in both macro and micro levels caused the lack of successful implementation of participatory governance in educational and research institutions of Iran. To solve them, it is necessary to take a two-way approach from top-down to bottom-up approaches or vice versa.

The purpose of the research is the impact of strategic human resource management and internal marketing on human resource development policy with the mediating role of job satisfaction and organizational trust in knowledge-based companies. The research method is practical in terms of purpose and descriptive of correlation type according to the method of data collection. The statistical population of the research is all the employees of knowledge-based companies located in Pardis Technology Park of Tehran in 2022. Also, the number of 384 people was determined as a sample using Cochran’s formula, and 415 questionnaires were distributed using available sampling method, and 387 questionnaires were collected. The reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated by evaluating Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, which was 0.775. The results of research hypotheses indicate that internal marketing and strategic management of human resources have an effect on the job satisfaction of employees and the role of organizational justice and procedural justice on employees’ organizational trust has been shown and the role of organizational trust on the job satisfaction of employees was stated, and job satisfaction and organizational trust play a role in the development of human resources.

The continuous monitoring and evaluation of research and technology provides a basis for policy makers to deal with evidence-based policymaking or reforming research and technology policies with a comprehensive view. Based on this, the main goal of this research is to analyze the extent to which the quantitative goals of research and technology have been achieved in the sixth development plan based on a systematic approach under the four categories of input, output, consequence and impact indicators and subsequently to extract key lessons in order to prepare the document for the country's future development plans. To this end, the qualitative methodology of document study has been used for the purpose of indexing analysis of performance evaluation of the sixth development program in the field of research and technology. The findings of the research indicate that from the perspective of conceptual design, the indexing system of research and technology under the sixth development plan lacks sufficient balance. In the final part, it is emphasized that as an alternative to the outdated approach of using absolute indicators, the use of relative and combined indicators brings the possibility of more accurate evaluations of the suitability, efficiency, effectiveness and usefulness of research and technology. Also, the policy makers should provide solutions to focus more on the long-term impact of research and technology at the community level by using appropriate indexing.